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Database management is a method of coordinating the information that supports a business’s operations. It includes data storage and distribution to applications and users and then modifying it if necessary and monitoring changes to the data and preventing the data from becoming corrupted by unexpected failure. It is one component of a company’s total informational infrastructure that aids in decision-making, corporate growth and compliance with laws like the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.
The first database systems were invented in the 1960s by Charles Bachman, IBM and others. They evolved into information management systems (IMS) which allowed huge amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a variety of reasons. From calculating inventory to supporting complex financial accounting functions and human resource functions.
A database is tables that store data in accordance with a specific scheme, such as one-to-many relationships. It utilizes primary keys to identify records and permit cross-references between tables. Each table has a collection of attributes, or fields, that contain information about data entities. Relational models, which were developed by E. F. “TedCodd Codd in the 1970s at IBM and IBM, are among the most widely used type of database currently. This model is based on normalizing the data, making it simpler to use. It also makes it easier to update data, avoiding the necessity of changing various databases.
Most DBMSs can support multiple types of databases, offering internal and external levels of organization. The internal level focuses on cost, scalability and other operational issues, such as the layout of the database’s physical storage. The external level is how the database is presented in user interfaces and other applications. It could include a mix of various external views (based on the different data models) and may also include virtual tables that are constructed using generic data to improve performance.